Application of the in-basket test in head nurse competence evaluation / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the competence of head nurses by using the in-basket test for establishing a hierarchical training system for these nurses.Methods:A set of in-basket test was independently designed to evaluate the head nurses of a tertiary hospital in September 2021.Fourteen competency indicators, including positive initiative, coordination and communication ability, and leadership, problem solving ability, motivation, empowerment, attention to quality and order, etc, were selected to analyze the answers of the in-basket test and score their competency level. The measures were described by Mean±SD and M(IQR), and the counts were described by rates and percentages. The rank sum test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of competency scoring of head nurses. Results:A total of 133 head nurses were tested, with a total competency scoring of 30.0(5.5). The highest indicators were talent cultivation 3.0(2.0), positive initiative 3.0(1.0), coordination and communication ability 3.0(1.0), while those with lower scores were empowerment 1.0(1.0) and motivation 1.5(1.5). The rank sum test analysis showed that age, position, job position character and working seniority were the influencing factors of competency score( P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that, working seniorities of 16-20 years( β=0.583, P=0.013), 21-25 years( β=0.732, P=0.008), 26-30 years( β=0.632, P=0.026) were the influencing factors of competency score of head nurses. Conclusions:The in-basket test is practical to evaluate the competence of head nurses as a basis for their targeted training in the future.

The development of folate modified squalene-chidamide prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles to enhance the drug delivery in pancreatic cancer microenvironment / 药学学报

This research aimed at the key issue that chemical drugs and Chinese medicine hydrophilic small molecule anti-tumor drugs were difficult to break through the dense interstitial permeability barrier of pancreatic cancer to achieve the key problem of drug efficacy in the deep part of tumor tissue. To solve this problem, the lipophilic molecule squalene (SQ) and the hydrophilic anti-tumor drug chidamide (CHI) were linked by a trypsin responsive bond to form a prodrug (SQ-CHI) and a folic acid modified prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles (FA-SQ-CHI NPs) were further developed. The feature of prodrug molecules and nanoparticles were characterized. The in vitro release characteristics and cytotoxicity of blank vector were investigated. The efficacy and permeability of the prodrug nanoparticles in the PSN-1 monolayer cell and PSN-1/HSPC co-cultured tumor spheroids model was evaluated. The results showed that SQ-CHI prodrug molecules and FA-SQ-CHI NPs were successfully developed. The nanoparticles were regular spherical, well-dispersed, with a particle size of (173.3 ± 1.5) nm, a drug load of (59.02 ± 0.8) % and showed trypsin responsive release ability. The prodrug nanoparticles can significantly enhance the penetration and anti-proliferation effects of CHI in the PSN-1/HSPC tumor spheroids. In conclusion, the construction of folic acid-modified SQ-CHI prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles can significantly enhance the penetration of CHI in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment in vitro. This research would provide a new idea for the construction of targeted drug delivery system for chemical drugs and Chinese medicine hydrophilic small molecule drugs in the application of anti-pancreatic cancer.

Fruit variation and geographical distribution of citron / 中国中药杂志

The ripe dried fruit of citron(Citrus medica) is one of the important sources of Chinese herb Citri Fructus. At the same time, it is also grown for edible and ornamental uses. There are many species and abundant genetic variation. To clarify the intraspecific variation and resource distribution of citron, this study investigated the variation in 11 citron fruits, basically covering the main species in China, including Xiaoguo citron(C. medica var. ethrog), Goucheng(C. medica var. yunnanensis), Muli citron(C.medica var. muliensis), Dehong citron(C.medica×Citrus spp.), Fuzhou citron(C.medica×C.grandis?), Mawu(C.medica×C.grandis?), Cangyuan citron, Binchuan citron, Sweet citron, Big citron, and Small citron. The natural communities of citron were proved to be mainly distributed in the southwestern and western Yunnan and southeastern Tibet of China, with Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Chongqing, Hubei, and Zhejiang identified as the main production areas. Citron has also been widely grown in India, the Mediterranean region, and the Caribbean coast countries. The field investigation revealed the large-scale intraspecific variation of citron fruits. Most of the fruits are oval-like or sphere-like in shape. The fruits are green when raw and yellow when ripe, with oil cell dots on the skin, stripe-likes running from top to bottom, and bulge at the top. Usually, in the smaller citron fruits, the pulp and juice vesicles are better developed and the central columella is tighter. By contrast, the juice vesicles and central columella in larger fruits became more vacant, with carpels visible, and the apex segregation and development of the carpels is one of the reasons for variation. These variations should be given top priority in the future variety selection and breeding, and the quality differences of different citron species and their mechanisms should be further studied. In particular, variety selection and classification management according to their medicinal or edible purposes will provide scientific and technological supports for the orderly, safe, and effective production of citron products consumed as food and medicine.

Extracellular histones aggravate acute respiratory distress syndrome by inducing peripheral blood mononuclear cells pyroptosis / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective@#To explore whether extracellular histones aggravate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by inducing peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) pyroptosis.@*Methods@#Twenty patients with ARDS admitted to Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine from April to September in 2019 were enrolled, and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. In vivo experiment: peripheral blood samples of patients with ARDS within 24 hours after diagnosis and healthy volunteers were collected, and the levels of plasma extracellular histone, interleukins (IL-1β and IL-18) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PBMC were harvested, the expression levels of the pyroptosis associated N terminal-gasdermin-D (GSDMD-N) protein were determined by Western Blot. In vitro experiment: PBMC isolated from healthy volunteers were divided into four groups. Blank control group without any treatment; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group was treated with 1 mg/L LPS for 4 hours; LPS+histones group was treated with 100 mg/L exogenous histones for 24 hours after LPS treatment; LPS+histone+heparin group was treated with 200 U heparin for 24 hours after LPS and exogenous histones treatment. The GSDMD-N protein expression was determined by Western Blot, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and LDH in cell supernatant were determined by ELISA. Spearman test was used to test the correlation among the parameters.@*Results@#In vivo experiment results: compared with healthy control group, the GSDMD-N protein expression in PBMC of patients with ARDS was significantly increased [GSDMD-N/GAPDH: 0.136 (0.062, 0.246) vs. 0.026 (0.018, 0.036), P < 0.01], as well as the plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-18, LDH and extracellular histones [IL-1β (ng/L): 120.0 (94.2, 213.0) vs. 88.5 (82.3, 105.3), IL-18 (ng/L): 164.5 (70.8, 236.3) vs. 60.5 (52.0, 89.0), LDH (U/L): 30.9 (24.7, 39.5) vs. 19.8 (17.2, 21.5), extracellular histones (mg/L): 73.0 (42.8, 112.9) vs. 12.2 (9.6, 16.9), all P < 0.01], indicating that the PBMC of ARDS patients had significant pyroptosis and release of a large number of inflammatory factors. The oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) of ARDS patients was 135.5 (94.5, 196.0) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). Correlation analysis showed that the expression of GSDMD-N protein in patients with ARDS was negatively correlated with PaO2/FiO2 (r = -0.935, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with IL-1β, IL-18, LDH and extracellular histones (r value was 0.844, 0.843, 0.887, 0.899, respectively, all P < 0.01). In vitro experiment results: compared with blank control group, the expression of GSDMD-N protein in PBMC and the levels of inflammatory mediators in the supernatant of the LPS group were significantly increased [GSDMD-N/GAPDH: 0.035±0.006 vs. 0.028±0.006, IL-1β (ng/L): 39.8±5.5 vs. 22.6±4.7, IL-18 (ng/L): 31.2±4.4 vs. 20.0±2.2, LDH (U/L): 51.2±7.3 vs. 36.6±7.6, all P < 0.05], indicating that LPS stimulation could increase PBMC pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory mediators. Compared with LPS group, the expression of GSDMD-N protein and the levels of inflammatory mediators of the LPS+histones group were further increased [GSDMD-N/GAPDH: 0.114±0.009 vs. 0.035±0.006, IL-1β (ng/L): 119.0±18.7 vs. 39.8±5.5, IL-18 (ng/L): 49.2±8.5 vs. 31.2±4.4, LDH (U/L): 127.8±19.8 vs. 51.2±7.3, all P < 0.01], indicating that the stimulation of LPS on PBMC could be significantly amplified by exogenous histone treatment, GSDMD-N protein expression could be up-regulated and inflammatory factor release could be promoted to further induce PBMC pyroptosis. These adverse effects of exogenous histones on PBMC could be abrogated by heparin, the expression of GSDMD-N protein and the levels of inflammatory mediators were significantly lower than those of LPS+histones group [GSDMD-N/GAPDH: 0.063±0.004 vs. 0.114±0.009, IL-1β (ng/L): 46.8±8.6 vs. 119.0±18.7, IL-18 (ng/L): 33.0±5.1 vs. 49.2±8.5, LDH (U/L): 65.4±11.0 vs. 127.8±19.8, all P < 0.05].@*Conclusion@#Extracellular histones in plasma may aggravate ARDS by mediating PBMC pyroptosis.

Extracellular histones aggravate acute respiratory distress syndrome by inducing peripheral blood mononuclear cells pyroptosis / 中华危重病急救医学

To explore whether extracellular histones aggravate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by inducing peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) pyroptosis. Methods Twenty patients with ARDS admitted to Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine from April to September in 2019 were enrolled, and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. In vivo experiment: peripheral blood samples of patients with ARDS within 24 hours after diagnosis and healthy volunteers were collected, and the levels of plasma extracellular histone, interleukins (IL-1β and IL-18) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PBMC were harvested, the expression levels of the pyroptosis associated N terminal-gasdermin-D (GSDMD-N) protein were determined by Western Blot. In vitro experiment: PBMC isolated from healthy volunteers were divided into four groups. Blank control group without any treatment; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group was treated with 1 mg/L LPS for 4 hours; LPS+histones group was treated with 100 mg/L exogenous histones for 24 hours after LPS treatment; LPS+histone+heparin group was treated with 200 U heparin for 24 hours after LPS and exogenous histones treatment. The GSDMD-N protein expression was determined by Western Blot, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and LDH in cell supernatant were determined by ELISA. Spearman test was used to test the correlation among the parameters. Results In vivo experiment results: compared with healthy control group, the GSDMD-N protein expression in PBMC of patients with ARDS was significantly increased [GSDMD-N/GAPDH: 0.136 (0.062, 0.246) vs. 0.026 (0.018, 0.036), P < 0.01], as well as the plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-18, LDH and extracellular histones [IL-1β (ng/L): 120.0 (94.2, 213.0) vs. 88.5 (82.3, 105.3), IL-18 (ng/L): 164.5 (70.8, 236.3) vs. 60.5 (52.0, 89.0), LDH (U/L): 30.9 (24.7, 39.5) vs. 19.8 (17.2, 21.5), extracellular histones (mg/L): 73.0 (42.8, 112.9) vs. 12.2 (9.6, 16.9), all P < 0.01], indicating that the PBMC of ARDS patients had significant pyroptosis and release of a large number of inflammatory factors. The oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) of ARDS patients was 135.5 (94.5, 196.0) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). Correlation analysis showed that the expression of GSDMD-N protein in patients with ARDS was negatively correlated with PaO2/FiO2 (r = -0.935, P <0.01) and positively correlated with IL-1β, IL-18, LDH and extracellular histones (r value was 0.844, 0.843, 0.887, 0.899, respectively, all P < 0.01). In vitro experiment results: compared with blank control group, the expression of GSDMD-N protein in PBMC and the levels of inflammatory mediators in the supernatant of the LPS group were significantly increased [GSDMD-N/GAPDH: 0.035±0.006 vs. 0.028±0.006, IL-1β (ng/L): 39.8±5.5 vs. 22.6±4.7, IL-18 (ng/L): 31.2±4.4 vs. 20.0±2.2, LDH (U/L): 51.2±7.3 vs. 36.6±7.6, all P < 0.05], indicating that LPS stimulation could increase PBMC pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory mediators. Compared with LPS group, the expression of GSDMD-N protein and the levels of inflammatory mediators of the LPS+histones group were further increased [GSDMD-N/GAPDH:0.114±0.009 vs. 0.035±0.006, IL-1β (ng/L): 119.0±18.7 vs. 39.8±5.5, IL-18 (ng/L): 49.2±8.5 vs. 31.2±4.4, LDH (U/L): 127.8±19.8 vs. 51.2±7.3, all P < 0.01], indicating that the stimulation of LPS on PBMC could be significantly amplified by exogenous histone treatment, GSDMD-N protein expression could be up-regulated and inflammatory factor release could be promoted to further induce PBMC pyroptosis. These adverse effects of exogenous histones on PBMC could be abrogated by heparin, the expression of GSDMD-N protein and the levels of inflammatory mediators were significantly lower than those of LPS+histones group [GSDMD-N/GAPDH: 0.063±0.004 vs. 0.114±0.009, IL-1β (ng/L): 46.8±8.6 vs. 119.0±18.7, IL-18 (ng/L): 33.0±5.1 vs. 49.2±8.5, LDH (U/L): 65.4±11.0 vs. 127.8±19.8, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion Extracellular histones in plasma may aggravate ARDS by mediating PBMC pyroptosis.

The "target + activity" method for rapid discovery of active compounds targeting Hsp90 in pancreatic cancer cells from Physalis angulata L / 药学学报

The purpose of this study was to select the active compounds targeting Hsp90 protein in pancreatic cancer cells through a new dual "target + activity" rapid discovery technique. We combined an in vitro anti-cancer activity screening method with a dual-luciferase reporter gene and multi-chromatography separation technology, for rapid discovery of potential Hsp90 inhibitors from the Chinese herbal medicine Physalis angulata L. The anti-proliferation activity of those compounds was assessed in pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 by MTT assays. The molecular mechanisms of Hsp90 inhibition were explored by Western blot and shRNA knockdown assays. As a result, two withanolides, withanolide E (WE) and 4β-hydroxywithanolide E (HWE), were identified from Physalis angulata L. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of WE and HWE were 0.71±0.03 and 1.23±0.10 μmol·L-1 for the growth of BxPC-3 cells in 48 h. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that WE and HWE significantly induced heat shock element (HSE) activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The molecular mechanism study showed that after exposing to 5 μmol·L-1 WE or HWE for 48 h, the aggregation of Hsp90 dimer was upregulated to 6.5±1.3 and 11.8±2.0 fold, while the expression of Hsp90 client protein Akt was downregulated to 21.7%±2.8% and 9.8%±1.4% of the control group. Moreover, the Hsp90 inhibitory activity of WE or HWE was canceled by shRNA mediated Hsp90 knockdown. Overall, based on the dual "target + active" rapid discovery technique, two new Hsp90 inhibitors WE and HWE were found from Physalis angulata L. The Hsp90 inhibitory mechanism of WE and HWE may be mediated by induction of Hsp90 aggregate dimer and inhibition of Hsp90 client protein Akt expression.

Influence of cathepsin S deficiency on development of communicating hydrocephalus in mice induced by kaolin / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To evaluate the influence of cathepsin S(CatS) on the severity of communicating hydrocephalus in a kaolin injected mouse model.Methods · Kaolin suspension was injected to 8 CatS knock-out (CatS -/-) mice and 12 wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice through cisterna magna to establish communicating hydrocephalus mouse model. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used before and 1 week after kaolin injection to compare lateral ventricular volume. Lateral ventricular index was calculated to analyze the severity of hydrocephalus. Results · One week after kaolin injection,1 in CatS -/- group and 2 in WT group died. The mortality rate was 12.5% each and there was no significant difference (P=1.000). MRI results showed varying degrees of ventriculomegaly in both groups. Lateral ventricular index of CatS -/-group (n=8) and WT group (n=16) before kaolin injection was 0.05±0.01 and 0.04±0.01 respectively (P=0.720). One week after kaolin injection, lateral ventricular index of CatS-/- group (n=7) and WT group (n=14)was 0.13±0.02 and 0.11±0.01 respectively (P=0.950). In each group, in 71.4% of mice, lateral ventricular index enlarged twice or more. Conclusion · One week after kaolin injection into cisterna magna, lateral ventricles enlarges obviously, indicating hydrocephalus occurs, with high success rate. CatS gene deficiency has no significant influence on the development of communicating hydrocephalus.

Influence of cathepsin S deficiency on development of communicating hydrocephalus in mice induced by kaolin / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To evaluate the influence of cathepsin S(CatS) on the severity of communicating hydrocephalus in a kaolin injected mouse model.Methods · Kaolin suspension was injected to 8 CatS knock-out (CatS -/-) mice and 12 wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice through cisterna magna to establish communicating hydrocephalus mouse model. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used before and 1 week after kaolin injection to compare lateral ventricular volume. Lateral ventricular index was calculated to analyze the severity of hydrocephalus. Results · One week after kaolin injection,1 in CatS -/- group and 2 in WT group died. The mortality rate was 12.5% each and there was no significant difference (P=1.000). MRI results showed varying degrees of ventriculomegaly in both groups. Lateral ventricular index of CatS -/-group (n=8) and WT group (n=16) before kaolin injection was 0.05±0.01 and 0.04±0.01 respectively (P=0.720). One week after kaolin injection, lateral ventricular index of CatS-/- group (n=7) and WT group (n=14)was 0.13±0.02 and 0.11±0.01 respectively (P=0.950). In each group, in 71.4% of mice, lateral ventricular index enlarged twice or more. Conclusion · One week after kaolin injection into cisterna magna, lateral ventricles enlarges obviously, indicating hydrocephalus occurs, with high success rate. CatS gene deficiency has no significant influence on the development of communicating hydrocephalus.

Development of three-dimensional breast cancer cell culture drug resistance model / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to develop three-dimensional (3D) culture model, a more pathologically relevant model, of human breast cancer for drug resistance study. MCF-7 cells were embedded within collagen gel to establish 3D culture model. Cellular morphology was observed using Carmine and HE staining. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, and cell activity was detected by Live/Dead staining kit. Drug sensitivities of the 3D culture to doxorubicin, carboplatin, 5-fluorouracil were assayed and compared with those of monolayer (2D) culture. In addition, the levels of drug resistance-related genes P-glycoprotein (P-gp), mrp2 mRNA expressions were detected by real time RT-PCR. Expression level of P-gp protein was detected by Western blot. The results showed that MCF-7 cells in 3D culture formed a number of cell aggregates, and most of them displayed good cell viability. The IC50 values of doxorubicin, carboplatin, 5-fluorouracil were all increased significantly in 3D culture compared with those in 2D culture. Moreover, compared with MCF-7 cells in 2D culture, the cells in 3D culture showed increased mRNA levels of P-gp and mrp2, as well as up-regulated protein expression of P-gp. These results suggest that in vitro collagen-embedded culture system of human breast cancer cells represents an improved pathologically relevant 3D microenvironment for breast cancer cells, providing a robust tool to explore the mechanism of drug resistance of cancer cells.

Changes of interleukin-17A and interleukin-22 in the lung of cigarette smoke exposed mice and the effect of N-acetylcysteine / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the changes of interleukin-17A(IL-17A)and interleukin-22(IL-22)in the lung of cigarette smoke exposed mice and the effect of smoking cessation and N -acetylcysteine (NAC )treatment . Methods BALB /c mice in experimental groups were exposed to cigarette smoke.Then the smoke-exposure was stopped and mice were treated with NAC gavage.The mice were executed 1,2,and 3 months after smoking cessa-tion.Lung tissue sample and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were collected.HE staining was used to observe the pathologic changes of the lung and ELISA was used to measure the level of IL-17A and IL-22.Results Con-siderable emphysematous changes was found in the lung of mice exposed to cigarette smoke.Compared with the controls,the level of IL-17A and IL-22 elevated remarkably in pulmonary tissue and BALF after smoking exposure and declined gradually after smoking cessation.Additional NAC gavage treatment enhanced the decline tendency. Conclusion IL-17A and IL-22 might play a complex role in the chronic inflammatory changes of lung in mice ex-posed to cigarette smoke.

Construction of expression vector pLCK-CD69-IRES-EGFP and generation of CD69 transgenic mice / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the expression vector pLCK-CD69-IRES-EGFP that contains mouse cell surface activation protein CD69 and enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP),and to generate CD69 transgenic mice based on this vector.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>First, RNA was extracted from mouse lung tissue and cDNA was synthesized via reverse transcription. PCR primer was designed through the PubMed searching, then mouse CD69 DNA fragment was amplified with PCR. Second, this DNA fragment was subcloned to the pInsulater-LCK-IRES-EGFP plasmid and constructed the transgenic vector after the verification of nucleotide sequence. Third, the expression vector was then transfected into 293 T cells and its expression in 293 T cells was observed under fluorescence microscope. Last, microinjection was performed to transfer the expression vector pLCK-CD69-IRES-EGFP into fertilized eggs, which were implanted into pseudo-pregnant recipient mice. After birth the tail samples of the pups were obtained for the purpose of genotyping to determine the transgenic founders. Fluorescence microscope and flow cytometer were used to measure the expression of CD69 on cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The construction of the expression vector pLCK-CD69-IRES-EGFP was verified by enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The transfected 293 T cell showed expression of the protein under fluorescence microscope. Identification of PCR for the tail tissue of the pups confirmed the present of CD69 transgene and resting lymphocytes demonstrated the expression of CD69.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The construction of expression vector pLCK-CD69-IRES-EGFP and generation of CD69 transgenic mice have been successfully processed, which lays a foundation of the solid pattern studies in inflammatory diseases.</p>

Transport mechanism of danshensu across Caco-2 monolayer model / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the absorption mechanism of Danshensu by using Caco-2 monolayer model .</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Caco-2 cell monolayer model was used to study the bi-direction transport of Danshensu. An LC-MS method was developed to measure the concentration of Danshensu in cell culture medium and calculate the apparent permeability coefficients (P(app)). The effects of time, drug concentration and inhibitor on the absorption of Danshensu were studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Transport of Danshensu was time and concentration dependent, and it was also effected by P-glycoprotein inhibitor. P(app) increased with time increase and tended to become saturated at some point. It, however,decreased while concentration of Danshensu increased. P(ratio) is larger than 1.5 . Verapamil can cause significantly effect on transport of Danshensu: P(app,A-B) increased and P(app,B-A) decreased .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The absorption of Danshensu in Caco-2 cell model may be an active transportation mediated by P-glycoprotein transporter.</p>

Effects of tirofiban application time on in-hospital prognosis in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention / 介入放射学杂志

0.05).Follow-up data showed that there were less angina pectoris attack and higher levels of LVEF in LPG comparing with SPG;showing as 1.26?0.72/day vs 1.75?0.88/day(P=0.040)and 57.2?8.6% vs 52.0?8.5%(P=0.037)respectively.Conclusions Long period application of tirofiban following PCI in patients with STEMI is safe and effective,providing alleviation both on angina pectasis and left ventricular ejectory fraction.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:796-798)

Effects of Gardenia-aweto compound by different extraction method on antagonizing acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Gardenia-Aweto compound (GAC) and two component on preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by the rabbit model of ARDS induced by intravenous injection of oleic acid. To detect the efficiency component of GAC in preventing ARDS.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>GAC was divided into two compounts, ethanol-soluble components (ESC) and ethanol-deposition components (EDC), based on polarity. Forty-three new zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups, the blank control group, the model group, the GAC groups, the ESC group, and the EDC group. The ARDS model was induced by intravenous injection of oleic acid. Dynamic changes of arterial blood gas, lung index, albumin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in different groups and lung histological changes were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>As compared with the blank group, in the model group, GAC group, ESC group, EDC group the arterial PO2 and oxygen saturation deprived continuously. While SO2 in GAC group at time points 30, 60, 90, 120 min (P < 0.05 or 0.01) and SO2 in ESC group at time points 30, 60, 90 min were higher than those in ARDS group. PO2 in ESC group at time points 30, 60 min (P < 0.05) were higher than those in ARDS group. The value of LI and W/D were higher in ARDS group than in sham group (P < 0.01), they were much lower in HD group than in ARDS group (P < 0.01). Concentration of BALF-albumin increased markedly in ARDS group and pre-treatment groups compared with sham group, but it was much lower in GAC group and ESC group, there was a significant difference between GAC group (P < 0.01), ESC group (P < 0.05) and ARDS group. The lung histological changes had been improved in GAC group and ESC group. But no significantly difference between above-mentioned parameters was found in comparison in the model group and in the EDC group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Preventive administration of GAC or ESC an protect the damaged lung function in ARDS rabbits induced by oleic acid. The efficiency component of GAC in preventing ARDS is ESC. GAC antagonizing ARDS may relate to its anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anti-oxidant and antithrombotic effects.</p>